If you want to change or upgrade your car’s rims, you must make sure the new set fits properly. One of the most important steps is finding the correct bolt pattern. Choosing the wrong bolt pattern can result in unsafe driving conditions, wheel vibration, or rims that simply won’t mount to your vehicle. This guide will show you exactly how to measure, identify, and verify the correct bolt pattern for your car or truck using clear steps and simple tools.
What Is a Bolt Pattern?
A bolt pattern, also known as lug pattern or bolt circle, refers to the layout of the bolt holes on a wheel. It includes two numbers:
- The number of lug holes (also called studs or bolts)
- The diameter of the circle they form, measured in millimeters or inches
For example, a bolt pattern of 5×114.3 means the wheel has five lug holes in a circle with a diameter of 114.3 millimeters. A pattern of 6×139.7 means six lug holes on a 139.7mm circle.
Why Bolt Pattern Matters
Your wheels must match your vehicle’s bolt pattern exactly. Even a small mismatch will prevent the wheel from fitting correctly. If you try to force mismatched rims onto a hub, you can damage the threads, ruin the wheel, or create dangerous stress points. That’s why understanding your vehicle’s bolt pattern is critical for safety and performance.
How to Measure Bolt Pattern
There are two common scenarios: wheels with an even number of lugs and wheels with an odd number of lugs. Here’s how to measure each type:
Even Number of Lugs (4, 6, 8)
For an even number of lugs, measure from the center of one lug hole directly across to the center of the opposite lug hole. That gives you the bolt circle diameter. Count the number of lugs, and you have your bolt pattern.
Example: A wheel with 6 bolts and a measurement of 139.7mm across = 6×139.7 bolt pattern.
Odd Number of Lugs (3, 5, 7)
For odd-numbered lugs, you cannot measure directly across. Instead, measure from the center of one lug hole to the outer edge of the hole that is furthest away from it (skipping one lug hole in between). Then use a bolt pattern conversion chart to determine the full diameter.
Example: A wheel with 5 lug holes that measures 114.3mm using the method above = 5×114.3 bolt pattern.
Tools You Can Use
You can measure the bolt pattern using the following tools:
- Standard tape measure (metric or imperial)
- Digital caliper (for more precise measurement)
- Bolt pattern gauge or bolt circle template (available online)
If you’re not confident in your measurements, take your vehicle to a tire shop or mechanic. They can measure it for you quickly and accurately.
Using Online Resources and Fitment Guides
If measuring by hand seems tricky, you can also look up your bolt pattern using a vehicle fitment guide. Many websites provide free tools where you can enter your vehicle’s:
- Make
- Model
- Year
- Trim
These databases will tell you the correct bolt pattern, center bore size, offset, and even recommended tire sizes. Reputable sources include:
- TireRack.com
- Wheelfire.com
- BB Wheels and similar aftermarket rim retailers
What About Hub-Centric vs. Lug-Centric Wheels?
Even with the correct bolt pattern, wheel fitment also depends on how the wheel centers on the hub. There are two types:
- Hub-centric wheels: Designed to fit snugly around the vehicle’s center hub. This ensures perfect alignment and minimal vibration.
- Lug-centric wheels: Aligned and centered by tightening the lug nuts. These may require special conical lug nuts for proper fit.
Most OEM (original equipment manufacturer) wheels are hub-centric. If you buy aftermarket wheels, check whether they match your hub size or if you need hub centric rings.
Other Factors That Affect Rim Fitment
In addition to the bolt pattern, other important specs include:
- Center bore: The diameter of the hole in the center of the wheel. It must match the hub or use a hub ring.
- Wheel offset: Distance from the center of the wheel to the mounting surface. A mismatch here affects handling and clearance.
- Rim width and diameter: Ensure your tires fit the new wheels, and the wheels fit your suspension and brakes.
Always confirm all of these measurements before buying new rims.
Can You Use Adapters or Re-Drill a Bolt Pattern?
Sometimes drivers want to install wheels that don’t match their vehicle’s bolt pattern. There are two options, but each has risks:
Bolt Pattern Adapters
Adapters bolt onto your existing hubs and provide a new bolt pattern. While these can work, they increase the distance between the wheel and the hub (called track width), which can affect handling. Only use high-quality adapters from trusted brands and install them properly.
Re-Drilling the Wheel
Some shops offer re-drilling services to change a wheel’s bolt pattern. This should only be done by experienced professionals, and not all wheels can be safely re-drilled. It’s not recommended for structural or safety-critical applications.
If possible, stick to wheels with the exact factory bolt pattern for the safest fit.
Common Bolt Patterns by Vehicle Type
Here are a few common bolt patterns to help you recognize what might fit your car:
- 4×100: Common on older Honda Civics, Toyota Corollas, Mazda Miatas
- 5×114.3: Found on many newer Japanese and American sedans and SUVs
- 5×112: Standard for most Audi, Volkswagen, and Mercedes-Benz models
- 6×139.7: Typical for larger trucks like Toyota Hilux, Ford Ranger, and SUVs
Always confirm with a fitment guide or dealer before making a purchase.
Wrap-Up
Knowing how to find the correct bolt pattern is key to choosing safe, compatible rims for your vehicle. Whether you measure manually, use a bolt pattern chart, or rely on a fitment guide, always confirm the specs before ordering new wheels. Double-check other fitment factors like center bore and offset to ensure a smooth, secure ride. Getting the right bolt pattern is a simple step that protects your investment—and keeps you safer on the road.